Large cargo transportation refers to the situation where the size of a single item of goods exceeds the standard specifications (length exceeding 17.5 meters, width exceeding 3 meters, height exceeding 3.5 meters, or weight exceeding 38 tons). Due to its unique cargo properties, it is necessary for professional personnel to handle the loading, unloading, and transportation processes, otherwise it is highly likely to cause damage to the goods and even safety accidents. Attention should be paid to several aspects during the transportation of large goods:
1、 Loading and unloading
1）. When loading and unloading, it is necessary to choose lifting tools that are at least twice the actual weight of the goods, so as to better control the goods during lifting and movement, and avoid risks. When lifting, the load-bearing points of the goods and their landing points must be precise to avoid damaging the goods or transportation vehicles.
2）. During loading and unloading operations, operators and equipment must have professional qualifications. A deep understanding of the properties of goods and scientific and proficient operational skills are prerequisites for ensuring safety.
3）. When loading, a scientific loading plan should be made based on the weight and size of the goods, as well as the vehicle's load-bearing capacity and size. It is important to avoid loading solely based on the shape of the goods, which may cause a shift in the center of gravity of the goods.
2、 Generally speaking, incidents such as deviation and falling of goods transported by road are mainly caused by fixed non conformities. During transportation, the acceleration, deceleration, turning, and smoothness of the vehicle will result in the lateral, longitudinal, or up and down movement of the goods, especially sudden braking, sharp turning, or rapid passing over a smooth road surface. During sea transportation, the swaying of the ship's hull up and down or left and right in the wind and waves is the main cause of cargo displacement or falling.
1）. Choose an appropriate fixation method. The fixed plan should be determined based on factors such as the appearance and weight of the goods. When necessary, specialized fixing tools such as straps, ropes, etc. should be used. The load-bearing specifications of fixed equipment must meet the requirements, such as the load-bearing capacity (diameter) of ropes, the number of fixing points, etc.
2）. When using steel wire rope for fixation, pay attention to the balance of tension during fixation. To prevent the goods from tipping over due to unbalanced tension.
3）. During transportation, the fastening condition of the goods should be checked regularly according to the road conditions. If any looseness is found, it should be dealt with in a timely manner.
3、 Transportation
1）. Pre design the transportation route and familiarize yourself with the traffic conditions of the entire route. Large cargo is usually transported beyond the limit (length, width, height, and weight), and it is necessary to consider factors such as the load-bearing capacity, height and width limits of roads and bridges. Otherwise, it may cause minor delays or serious traffic accidents.
2）. Large transport vehicles must drive at low speeds, especially when accelerating slowly, braking slowly, and turning at low speeds.
3）. Large transport vehicles must have at least 2 drivers and passengers to monitor the condition of the goods in a timely manner.
4、 Due to the excessive volume of large cargo, the existing protective tools such as ropes, nets, and tarpaulins on ordinary vehicles cannot meet the protection requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to prevent moisture, fire, sun, and earthquake according to the specifications and characteristics of the cargo.
